He was the eldest son of Nicholas Maccubbin, a merchant and High Sheriff of Annapolis, and Mary Clare Carroll. He and a younger brother James, changed their last names to Carroll to inherit their childless uncle’s estate (Charles Carroll, Barrister). Nicholas married Anne Jennings in 1783, with whom he had five children. He was a member of the Lower House, representing Anne Arundel County. He served on the Maryland Convention that ratified the federal constitution in 1788. He was a Justice in Anne Arundel County and an Associate Justice for the Third District Court. He was also a slaveholder, councilman, alderman, and Mayor of Annapolis.
He died before his aunt, Margaret Tilghman Carroll, so his brother James Maccubbin Carroll became the sole heir of his uncle Charles Carroll, Barrister's estate.
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Miniature of Nicholas Maccubbin Carroll by Charles Willson Peale, watercolor on ivory, circa 1774. Courtesy of NSCDA-MD and Hammond Harwood House.